Maier, Tanja; Landwehr, Laura-Sophie; Triebig, Alexandra; Kircher, Stefan; Schauer, Marc P.; Knösel, Thomas; Sbiera, Silviu; Schwarzlmueller, Paul; Zimmermann, Petra; Reincke, Martin; Weigand, Isabel; Fassnacht, Martin; Kroiss, Matthias (2025): Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation is associated with glucocorticoid secretion in adrenocortical carcinoma, but not directly with immune cell infiltration. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 16: 1502117. ISSN 1664-2392
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Abstract
Background:
In advanced adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC), the response rate to immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) is only ~15%. Glucocorticoid (GC) secretion and the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway have been suggested to contribute to low tumour immune cell infiltration. The transcription factor lymphoid enhancer factor 1 (LEF-1) transduces β-catenin (CTNNB1)-mediated transcriptional activation.
Objective:
To understand the contribution of Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) signalling to the immunologically cold ACC tumour microenvironment.
Methods:
Semi-quantitative immunohistochemistry (IHC) of β-catenin (CTNNB1), LEF-1, GR and T cell markers CD3, CD4, CD8, Fox P3 in 59 ACC samples. Targeted RNA expression analysis of 354 immune-related genes in 58 additional ACC tissue specimens. Correlative analyses with clinical data.
Results:
Nuclear LEF-1 and CTNNB1 protein expression were positively correlated in ACC tissue (Pearson R2 = 0.1283, p=0.0046). High, moderate and low protein expression was detected in 24.1%, 53.2% and 19.3% of samples for LEF-1, and 30.6%, 43.5% and 19.3% for CTNNB1, respectively. We found higher LEF-1 expression in GC-secreting tumours which did not differ from inactive tumours in terms of GR expression. T cell markers, as evaluated by IHC, were not associated with expression of Wnt/β-catenin pathway markers. At RNA level, tumours with high LEF-1 expression showed significant downregulation of 37 transcripts (including 8 involved in antigen presentation). High LEF-1 expression levels correlated with worse overall survival in this cohort. This was not the case for CTNNB1 and GR.
Conclusion:
Lef-1 expression is useful as a biomarker of activated Wnt/β-catenin signalling in ACC. Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation was not associated with reduced immune cell markers in ACC but GC secretion and may be related to tumoural antigen presentation.
Doc-Type: | Article (LMU Hospital) |
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Organisational unit (Faculties): | 07 Medicine > Medical Center of the University of Munich > Medical Clinic and Outpatient Clinic IV (Endocrinology, nephrology, other sections) |
DFG subject classification of scientific disciplines: | Life sciences |
Date Deposited: | 15. May 2025 10:51 |
Last Modified: | 15. May 2025 10:51 |
URI: | https://oa-fund.ub.uni-muenchen.de/id/eprint/1856 |
DFG: | Funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) - 491502892 |
DFG: | Funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) - 314061271 |